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guide v1.0
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# minecraft-optimization
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Minecraft server optimization guide
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<h1>Minecraft server optimization guide</h1>
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<p>Guide for version 1.16.4</p>
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<p>Based on <a href="https://www.spigotmc.org/threads/guide-server-optimization%E2%9A%A1.283181/">this guide</a> and other sources (all of them are linked throughout the guide when relevant).</p>
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<h2>Intro</h2>
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<p>
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To begin I'd like to mention that this is not some sort of "magical cure".
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There are no guides that will tell you exactly what to do for your server.
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This is meant to set you in the right direction of finding your server's "sweet spot".</p>
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<h2>Server jar</h2>
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<p>
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Choice of server jar can make huge difference in performance and api possibilities. There are currently multiple viable popular server jars,
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but there are also a few that you should stay away from for various reasons.
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</p>
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My recommendation is:
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/PaperMC/Paper">Paper</a> - Most popular server software on latest minecraft version</li>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/Spottedleaf/Tuinity">Tuinity</a> - Paper fork improving performance with little to no consequences</li>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/pl3xgaming/Purpur">Purpur</a> - Tuinity fork that gives you way more configurability and extra features</li>
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</ul>
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You shoud stay away from:
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<ul>
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<li>Yatopia - "The combined power of Paper forks for maximum instability and unmaintainablity!" - Messy, tossed salad of people that haven't even really understood the patch system. - <a href="https://github.com/KennyTV/list-of-shame">KennyTV's list of shame</a>.</li>
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<li>Any paid server jar that claims async anything</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Map pregen</h2>
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<p>
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Map pregeneration is one of the most important steps to have lag-free server.
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In modern versions chunk generation is extremely slow and even servers on best
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hardware can grind into a halt. You can use plugin such as <a href="https://www.spigotmc.org/resources/chunky.81534/">chunky</a>
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to pregenerate the world. Remember to also set up a world border so your players don't generate new chunks while the server is open to the public!
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Pregeneration of the map can take hours (it depends on a radius you set in the pregen plugin).
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</p>
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<p>
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It's key to remember that overworld, nether and the end have separate world borders and you have to set it up for each world.
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Remember that nether dimension is usually 8x smaller than overworld, because if you set worldborder wrong your players might end up
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outside of world border!
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</p>
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<h2>Configurations</h2>
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<h3>server.properties</h3>
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<h4>network-compression-threshold</h4>
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<b>default:</b> 256<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> Standalone(512) BungeeCord(-1)<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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This option caps the size of a packet before the server attempts to compress it. Setting it higher can save some
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resources at the cost of bandwidth, setting it to -1 disables it. If your server is in a network with the proxy on
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localhost or the same datacenter (<2 ms ping), disabling this (-1) will be beneficial.
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<hr>
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<h3>bukkit.yml</h3>
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<h4>spawn-limits</h4>
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<b>default:</b> monsters:70, animals:10, water-animals:15, ambient:15<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> monsters:45, animals:8, water-animals:3, ambient:1<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Lower values mean less mobs. Less mobs is less lag in general, but you want to balance it with player quality of life,
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finding mobs in the world is big part of gameplay. More detailed explanation of how limits are calculated can be found in <a href="https://www.spigotmc.org/attachments/bukkit-spawn-limits-pdf.444347/">this pdf</a>.
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<h4>chunk-gc.period-in-ticks</h4>
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<b>default:</b> 600<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 400<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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This decides how often vacant chunks are unloaded. Ticking fewer chunks means less TPS consumption.
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<h4>ticks-per.monster-spawns</h4>
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<b>default:</b> 1<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 4<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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This sets how often (in ticks) the server attempts to spawn a monster. Slighty increasing the time between spawns should not impact spawn rates.
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<hr>
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<h3>spigot.yml</h3>
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<h4>max-tick-time</h4>
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<b>default:</b> tile:50, entity:50<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> tile:1000, entity:1000<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Setting those to optimized values disables this feature.
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You can read why it should be disabled <a href="https://aikar.co/2015/10/08/spigot-tick-limiter-dont-use-max-tick-time/">here</a>.
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<h4>view-distance</h4>
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<b>default:</b> default<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 3<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Actual view distance should be set low due to the fact that less chunks will be ticked and paper's no-tick-view-distance
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lets you send more chunks to player that are actually ticked.
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<h4>mob-spawn-range</h4>
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<b>default:</b> 8<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 2<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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This usually should be 1 less than view-distance. You can experiment with other values when changing bukkit mob caps.
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<h4>entity-activation-range</h4>
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<b>default:</b> animals:32, monsters:32, raiders: 48, misc:16<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> animals:16, monsters:24, raiders: 48, misc:8<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Entities past this range will be ticked less often. Avoid setting this too low or you might break mob behavior (mob aggro, raids, etc).
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<h4>tick-inactive-villagers</h4>
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<b>default:</b> true<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> false<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Enabling this prevents the server from ticking villagers outside the activation range. Villager tasks in 1.14+ are very heavy.
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<h4>merge-radius</h4>
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<b>default:</b> item:2.5, exp:3.0<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> item:3.0, exp:6.0<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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This will decide the distance between the items to be merged, reducing the amount of items ticking on the ground.
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Merging will lead to the illusion of items disappearing as they merge together. A minor annoyance.
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<h4>nerf-spawner-mobs</h4>
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<b>default:</b> false<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> true<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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When enabled, mobs from spawners will not have AI (will not swim/attack/move). This is big TPS savings on servers with mob
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farms, but also messes with their behavior.
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<hr>
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<h3>paper.yml</h3>
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Most of the settings in this file can be configured per-world. See
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<a href="https://www.spigotmc.org/attachments/per-world-guide-pdf.444348/">this pdf</a> for details.
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<h4>max-auto-save-chunks-per-tick</h4>
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<b>default:</b> 24<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 8<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Slows down incremental world saving spreading the task over time even more for better average performance. You might want
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to set this higher with more than 20-30 players, because if incremental save can't finish in time bukkit will automatically
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save leftover chunks at once and begin the process again.
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<h4>optimize-explosions</h4>
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<b>default:</b> false<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> true<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Faster explosion alghoritm with no impact on gameplay.
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<h4>max-entity-collisions</h4>
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<b>default:</b> 8<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 2<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Less collisions calculation per entity.
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<h4>grass-spread-tick-rate</h4>
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<b>default:</b> 1<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 4<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Time in ticks before server tries to spread grass/mycelium. No gameplay impact in most cases.
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<h4>despawn-ranges</h4>
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<b>default:</b> soft: 32, hard: 128<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> soft: 28, hard: 48<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Lower ranges clear background mobs and allow more to be spawned in areas with player traffic. This further reduces the
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gameplay impact of reduced spawning (bukkit.yml). Values adjusted for view-distance: 3.
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<h4>hopper.disable-move-event</h4>
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<b>default:</b> false<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> true<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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This will significantly reduce hopper lag by preventing InventoryMoveItemEvent being called for EVERY slot in a container.
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<b>Do not enable if you use plugins that listen to this event!</b>
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<h4>non-player-arrow-despawn-rate</h4>
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<b>default:</b> -1<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 20<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Makes arrows shot by mobs disappear after 1 second after hitting.
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<h4>creative-arrow-despawn-rate</h4>
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<b>default:</b> -1<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 20<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Makes arrows shot by players in creative disappear after 1 second after hitting.
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<h4>prevent-moving-into-unloaded-chunks</h4>
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<b>default:</b> false<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> true<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Prevents players from entering an unloaded chunk (due to lag), which causes more lag. The true setting will set them back
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to a safe location instead.
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<h4>use-faster-eigencraft-redstone</h4>
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<b>default:</b> false<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> true<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Alternative, faster redstone system. Reduces redundant redstone updates by nearly 95%.
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<h4>alt-item-despawn-rate.enabled</h4>
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<b>default:</b> false<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> true<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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This option lets you despawn selected items faster than default despawn rate. You can add things like cobblestone, netherrack
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etc. to the list and make them despawn after ~20 seconds (400 ticks).
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<h4>enable-treasure-maps</h4>
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<b>default:</b> true<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> false<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Generating treasure maps is extremely expensive and can hang a server if the structure it's trying to locate is really
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far away.
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<h4>viewdistances.no-tick-view-distance</h4>
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<b>default:</b> -1<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> 8<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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This allows players to see further without ticking as many chunks as regular view-distance would. Although it's not really
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heavy on the server keep in mind that sending more chunks will affect bandwidth.
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<h4>anti-xray.enabled</h4>
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<b>default:</b> false<br>
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<b>optimized:</b> true<br>
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<b>explanation:</b><br>
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Hides ores from x-rayers. For detailed configuration of this feature check out
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<a href="https://gist.github.com/stonar96/ba18568bd91e5afd590e8038d14e245e">Stonar96's recommended settings</a>.
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<h2>Java startup flags</h2>
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JVM can be configured to reduce lag spikes caused by big garbage collector tasks. You can find
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startup flags optimized for minecraft servers <a href="https://mcflags.emc.gs/">here</a>.
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